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class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-09-20T04:00:39.000Z" title="发表于 2020-09-20 12:00:39">2020-09-20</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2021-01-10T12:15:20.293Z" title="更新于 2021-01-10 20:15:20">2021-01-10</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/">前端学习</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"> <span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">2.8k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>9分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="BOM-浏览器对象模型："><a href="#BOM-浏览器对象模型：" class="headerlink" title="BOM 浏览器对象模型："></a>BOM 浏览器对象模型：</h1><ul>
<li><h2 id="BOM-概述"><a href="#BOM-概述" class="headerlink" title="BOM 概述:"></a>BOM 概述:</h2><ul>
<li><h3 id="什么是-BOM"><a href="#什么是-BOM" class="headerlink" title="什么是 BOM:"></a>什么是 BOM:</h3><ul>
<li><code>BOM</code>（Browser Object Model）<strong>即浏览器对象模型</strong>，它提供了<strong>独立于内容而与浏览器窗口进行交互</strong>的对象，其<strong>核心对象</strong>是 <code>window</code>。</li>
<li>BOM 由一系列相关的对象构成，并且<strong>每个对象都提供了很多方法与属性</strong>。</li>
<li><strong>BOM 缺乏标准</strong>，JavaScript 语法的标准化组织是 <code>ECMA</code>，DOM 的标准化组织是 <code>W3C</code>，BOM 最初是<code>Netscape</code>（网景公司） 浏览器标准的一部分。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="DOM："><a href="#DOM：" class="headerlink" title="DOM："></a>DOM：</h4><ul>
<li><strong>文档</strong>对象模型 </li>
<li>DOM 就是把「文档」当做一个「对象」来看待</li>
<li>DOM 的顶级对象是 <code>document</code></li>
<li>DOM 主要学习的是<strong>操作页面元素</strong></li>
<li>DOM 是 <code>W3C</code> 标准规范</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="BOM"><a href="#BOM" class="headerlink" title="BOM:"></a>BOM:</h4><ul>
<li><strong>浏览器</strong>对象模型</li>
<li>把「浏览器」当做一个「对象」来看待</li>
<li>BOM 的顶级对象是 <code>window</code></li>
<li>BOM 学习的是<strong>浏览器窗口交互</strong>的一些对象</li>
<li>BOM 是<strong>浏览器厂商在各自浏览器上定义的</strong>，<strong>兼容性较差</strong></li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="BOM-的构成"><a href="#BOM-的构成" class="headerlink" title="BOM 的构成:"></a>BOM 的构成:</h3><ul>
<li><strong>BOM 比 DOM 更大，它包含 DOM。</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><img src= "/img/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://gitee.com/he_chaoming/blog_tuchuang/raw/master/20200920/R5ufW5INN9Ed.png" alt="BOM的构成"></p>
<ul>
<li><code>window</code> 对象是<strong>浏览器的顶级对象</strong>，它具有双重角色:<ol>
<li>它是<strong>JS 访问浏览器窗口的一个接口</strong>。</li>
<li>它是一个<strong>全局对象</strong>。<strong>定义在全局作用域中的变量、函数都会变成 <code>window</code> 对象的属性和方法。</strong></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>在调用的时候可以省略 <code>window</code>，前面学习的对话框都属于 <code>window</code> 对象方法，如 <code>alert()、prompt()</code> 等。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意"><a href="#注意" class="headerlink" title="注意:"></a>注意:</h4><p>​    <code>window</code>下的一个<strong>特殊属性</strong> <code>window.name</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="window-对象的常见事件"><a href="#window-对象的常见事件" class="headerlink" title="window 对象的常见事件:"></a>window 对象的常见事件:</h2><ul>
<li><h3 id="窗口加载事件"><a href="#窗口加载事件" class="headerlink" title="窗口加载事件:"></a>窗口加载事件:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.onload = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">或者 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.addEventListener(<span class="string">&quot;load&quot;</span>,<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>window.onload</code> 是<strong>窗口 (页面）加载事件</strong>,当<strong>文档内容完全加载完成会触发该事件</strong>(包括图像、脚本文件、CSS 文件等), 就调用的处理函数。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意："><a href="#注意：" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><ul>
<li>有了 <code>window.onload</code> 就可以把 <strong>JS 代码写到页面元素的上方</strong>，因为 <code>onload</code> 是<strong>等页面内容全部加载完毕</strong>，再去执行处理函数。</li>
<li><code>window.onload</code> 传统注册事件方式 <strong>只能写一次</strong>，如果有多个，会以<strong>最后一个</strong> <code>window.onload</code> 为准。</li>
<li>如果使用 <code>addEventListener</code> 则<strong>没有限制</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.addEventListener(<span class="string">&#x27;DOMContentLoaded&#x27;</span>,<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>DOMContentLoaded</code> 事件触发时，<strong>仅当DOM加载完成</strong>，<strong>不包括样式表，图片，flash</strong>等等。</li>
<li><strong>Ie9以上才支持</strong></li>
<li>如果页面的图片很多的话, 从用户访问到<code>onload</code>触发可能需要较长的时间, 交互效果就不能实现，必然影响用户的体验，此时用 <code>DOMContentLoaded</code> 事件比较合适。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="调整窗口大小事件"><a href="#调整窗口大小事件" class="headerlink" title="调整窗口大小事件:"></a>调整窗口大小事件:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.onresize = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">或</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.addEventListener(<span class="string">&quot;resize&quot;</span>,<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>window.onresize</code> 是<strong>调整窗口大小加载事件</strong>,  当触发时就调用的处理函数。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意：-1"><a href="#注意：-1" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><ol>
<li>只要<strong>窗口大小发生像素变化</strong>，就会触发这个事件。</li>
<li>我们经常利用这个事件完成<strong>响应式布局</strong>。 <code>window.innerWidth</code> 当前<strong>屏幕的宽度</strong></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="定时器"><a href="#定时器" class="headerlink" title="定时器:"></a>定时器:</h2><ul>
<li><h3 id="两种定时器"><a href="#两种定时器" class="headerlink" title="两种定时器:"></a>两种定时器:</h3><ul>
<li><code>window</code> 对象给我们提供了 <strong>2 个非常好用的方法-定时器</strong>。<ol>
<li><code>setTimeout() </code></li>
<li><code>setInterval()</code>  </li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="setTimeout-定时器"><a href="#setTimeout-定时器" class="headerlink" title="setTimeout() 定时器:"></a>setTimeout() 定时器:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.setTimeout(调用函数, [延迟的毫秒数]);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>setTimeout() </code>方法用于设置一个定时器，该<strong>定时器在定时器到期后执行调用函数</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意：-2"><a href="#注意：-2" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><ul>
<li><code>window</code> 可以省略。</li>
<li>这个调用函数可以<strong>直接写函数</strong>，或者<strong>写函数名</strong>或者<strong>采取字符串‘函数名()’**三种形式。</strong>第三种不推荐**</li>
<li>延迟的毫秒数省略<strong>默认是 0</strong>，如果写，必须是<strong>毫秒</strong>。</li>
<li>因为定时器可能有很多，所以我们经常<strong>给定时器赋值一个标识符</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><code>setTimeout() </code> 这个调用函数我们也称为<strong>回调函数</strong> <code>callback</code><br>普通函数是按照代码顺序直接调用。<br>而这个函数，<strong>需要等待时间，时间到了才去调用这个函数</strong>，因此称为<strong>回调函数</strong>。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="简单理解："><a href="#简单理解：" class="headerlink" title="简单理解："></a>简单理解：</h4><p>回调，就是回头调用的意思。上一件事干完，再回头再调用这个函数。<br>以前我们讲的   <code>element.onclick = function()&#123;&#125;</code>   或者  <code>element.addEventListener(“click”, fn)</code>;   里面的函数也是<strong>回调函数</strong>。</p>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="停止-setTimeout-定时器"><a href="#停止-setTimeout-定时器" class="headerlink" title="停止 setTimeout() 定时器:"></a>停止 setTimeout() 定时器:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.clearTimeout(timeoutID)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>clearTimeout()</code>方法取消了先前通过调用 <code>setTimeout()</code> 建立的定时器。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意：-3"><a href="#注意：-3" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><ol>
<li><code>window</code> 可以省略。</li>
<li>里面的参数就是<strong>定时器的标识符</strong> 。</li>
</ol>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="setInterval-定时器"><a href="#setInterval-定时器" class="headerlink" title="setInterval() 定时器:"></a>setInterval() 定时器:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.setInterval(回调函数, [间隔的毫秒数]);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>setInterval()</code> 方法<strong>重复调用一个函数</strong>，每隔这个时间，就去调用一次回调函数。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意：-4"><a href="#注意：-4" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><ol>
<li><code>window</code> 可以省略。</li>
<li>这个调用函数可以<strong>直接写函数</strong>，或者<strong>写函数名</strong>或者**采取字符串 ‘函数名()’ ** 三种形式。</li>
<li>间隔的毫秒数省略<strong>默认是 0</strong>，如果写，必须是<strong>毫秒</strong>，表示每隔多少毫秒就自动调用这个函数。</li>
<li>因为定时器可能有很多，所以我们经常给定时器赋值一个标识符。</li>
<li><strong>第一次执行也是间隔毫秒数之后执行，之后每隔毫秒数就执行一次</strong>。</li>
</ol>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="停止-setInterval-定时器"><a href="#停止-setInterval-定时器" class="headerlink" title="停止 setInterval() 定时器:"></a>停止 setInterval() 定时器:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.clearInterval(intervalID);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>clearInterval()</code>方法取消了先前通过调用 <code>setInterval()</code>建立的定时器。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意：-5"><a href="#注意：-5" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><ol>
<li><code>window</code> 可以省略。</li>
<li>里面的参数就是<strong>定时器的标识符</strong> 。</li>
</ol>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="this"><a href="#this" class="headerlink" title="this:"></a>this:</h3><ul>
<li><code>this</code>的指向在函数定义的时候是确定不了的，<strong>只有函数执行的时候才能确定this到底指向谁</strong>，一般情况下<code>this</code>的最终指向的是那个<strong>调用它的对象</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>现阶段，我们先了解一下几个this指向:</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><strong>全局作用域</strong>或者<strong>普通函数</strong>中<code>this</code>指向<strong>全局对象</strong><code>window</code>（**注意定时器里面的this指向<code>window</code>**）</li>
<li>方法调用中<strong>谁调用</strong><code>this</code>指向谁</li>
<li>构造函数中<code>this</code>指向<strong>构造函数的实例</strong></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="JS-执行机制"><a href="#JS-执行机制" class="headerlink" title="JS 执行机制:"></a>JS 执行机制:</h2><ul>
<li><h3 id="JS-是单线程"><a href="#JS-是单线程" class="headerlink" title="JS 是单线程:"></a>JS 是单线程:</h3><blockquote>
<p><strong>JavaScript</strong> 语言的一大特点就是<strong>单线程</strong>，也就是说，同一个时间只能做一件事。这是因为 Javascript 这门脚本语言诞生的使命所致——JavaScript 是为处理页面中用户的交互，以及操作 DOM 而诞生的。比如我们对某个 DOM 元素进行添加和删除操作，<strong>不能同时进行</strong>。 应该先进行添加，之后再删除。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><strong>单线程</strong>就意味着，所有任务<strong>需要排队</strong>，前一个任务结束，才会执行后一个任务。这样所导致的问题是： 如果 JS 执行的时间过长，这样就会造成页面的渲染不连贯，导致页面渲染加载阻塞的感觉。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="一个问题"><a href="#一个问题" class="headerlink" title="一个问题:"></a>一个问题:</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="代码执行的结果："><a href="#代码执行的结果：" class="headerlink" title="代码执行的结果："></a>代码执行的结果：</h4><p><img src= "/img/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://gitee.com/he_chaoming/blog_tuchuang/raw/master/20200920/49fPokrlvOrL.png" alt="结果:"></p>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="同步和异步"><a href="#同步和异步" class="headerlink" title="同步和异步:"></a>同步和异步:</h3><ul>
<li>为了解决这个问题，利用<strong>多核 CPU 的计算能力</strong>，<strong>HTML5 提出 Web Worker 标准</strong>，允许 <code>JavaScript </code>脚本<strong>创建多个线程</strong>。于是，JS 中出现了<strong>同步和异步</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="同步"><a href="#同步" class="headerlink" title="同步:"></a>同步:</h4><ul>
<li>前一个任务结束后再执行后一个任务，<strong>程序的执行顺序与任务的排列顺序是一致的</strong>、同步的。比如做饭的同步做法：我们要烧水煮饭，等水开了（10分钟之后），再去切菜，炒菜。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="异步"><a href="#异步" class="headerlink" title="异步:"></a>异步:</h4><ul>
<li>你在做一件事情时，因为这件事情会花费很长时间，在做这件事的同时，你还可以去处理其他事情。比如做饭的异步做法，我们在烧水的<strong>同时</strong>，利用这10分钟，去切菜，炒菜。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="他们的本质区别：-这条流水线上各个流程的执行顺序不同。"><a href="#他们的本质区别：-这条流水线上各个流程的执行顺序不同。" class="headerlink" title="他们的本质区别： 这条流水线上各个流程的执行顺序不同。"></a>他们的本质区别： 这条流水线上各个流程的执行顺序不同。</h4><h4 id="同步任务"><a href="#同步任务" class="headerlink" title="同步任务:"></a>同步任务:</h4><ul>
<li>同步任务都在<strong>主线程上执行，形成一个执行栈</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="异步任务"><a href="#异步任务" class="headerlink" title="异步任务:"></a>异步任务:</h4><ul>
<li>JS 的异步是通过<strong>回调函数</strong>实现的。</li>
<li>一般而言，异步任务有以下<strong>三种类型</strong>:<ol>
<li><strong>普通事件</strong>，如 click、resize 等</li>
<li><strong>资源加载</strong>，如 load、error 等</li>
<li><strong>定时器</strong>，包括 setInterval、setTimeout 等</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>异步任务相关<strong>回调函数</strong>添加到<strong>任务队列</strong>中（任务队列也称为消息队列）。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src= "/img/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://gitee.com/he_chaoming/blog_tuchuang/raw/master/20200920/z^m1C^VQ4eom.png" alt="同步异步"></p>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="JS-执行机制："><a href="#JS-执行机制：" class="headerlink" title="JS 执行机制："></a>JS 执行机制：</h3><ol>
<li>先执行<strong>执行栈中的同步任务</strong>。</li>
<li>异步任务（回调函数）放入<strong>任务队列</strong>中。</li>
<li>一旦执行栈中的所有同步任务执行完毕，系统就会<strong>按次序读取任务队列中的异步任务</strong>，于是被读取的异步任务结束等待状态，进入执行栈，开始执行。</li>
</ol>
<p><img src= "/img/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://gitee.com/he_chaoming/blog_tuchuang/raw/master/20200920/9FF2CN!i@JiM.png" alt="JS执行机制"></p>
<h4 id="案例"><a href="#案例" class="headerlink" title="案例:"></a>案例:</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.onclick = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&#x27;click&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="number">3</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;, <span class="number">3000</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src= "/img/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://gitee.com/he_chaoming/blog_tuchuang/raw/master/20200920/kP*eL15vbX!g.png" alt="JS执行机制"></p>
<ul>
<li>由于主线程不断的重复获得任务、执行任务、再获取任务、再执行，所以这种机制被称为<strong>事件循环（ event loop）</strong>。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><h2 id="location-对象："><a href="#location-对象：" class="headerlink" title="location 对象："></a><code>location</code> 对象：</h2></li>
<li><h3 id="什么是-location-对象："><a href="#什么是-location-对象：" class="headerlink" title="什么是 location 对象："></a>什么是 location 对象：</h3><ul>
<li><p><code>window</code> 对象给我们提供了一个 <code>location</code> 属性用于<strong>获取或设置窗体的 URL</strong>，并且可以用于<strong>解析 URL</strong> 。 因为这个属性<strong>返回的是一个对象</strong>，所以我们将这个属性也称为 <code>location</code> <strong>对象</strong>。</p>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="URL："><a href="#URL：" class="headerlink" title="URL："></a>URL：</h3><ul>
<li><strong>统一资源定位符 (Uniform Resource Locator, URL)</strong> 是<strong>互联网上标准资源的地址</strong>。互联网上的每个文件都有一个唯一的 URL，它包含的信息指出文件的位置以及浏览器应该怎么处理它。</li>
<li>`URL· 的一般语法格式为：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">protocol:<span class="comment">//host[:port]/path/[?query]#fragment</span></span><br><span class="line">或</span><br><span class="line">http:<span class="comment">//www.itcast.cn/index.html?name=andy&amp;age=18#link2</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">组成</th>
<th align="center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">protocol</td>
<td align="center">通信协议常用的http,ftp,maito等</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">host</td>
<td align="center">主机(域名)     <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.itheima.com/">www.itheima.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">port</td>
<td align="center">端口号可选，省略时使用方案的默认端口如http的默认端口为80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">path</td>
<td align="center">路径由零或多个符号隔开的字符串，一般用来表示主机上的一个目录或文件地止</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">query</td>
<td align="center">参数以键值对的形式,通过<code>&amp;</code>符号分隔开来</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">fragment</td>
<td align="center">片段 <code>#</code>后面内容常见于链接 锚点</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="location-对象的属性"><a href="#location-对象的属性" class="headerlink" title="location 对象的属性:"></a>location 对象的属性:</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">location对象属性</th>
<th align="center">返回值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">location.href</td>
<td align="center">获取或者设置 整个URL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">location.host</td>
<td align="center">返回主机(域名)  <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.itheima.com/">www.itheima.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">location.port</td>
<td align="center">返回端口号  如果未写返回 空字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">location.pathname</td>
<td align="center">返回路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">location.search</td>
<td align="center">返回参数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">location.hash</td>
<td align="center">返回片段# 后面内容常见于链接锚点</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="重点记住：-href-和-search"><a href="#重点记住：-href-和-search" class="headerlink" title="重点记住： href 和 search"></a>重点记住： href 和 search</h4><hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="location-对象的方法："><a href="#location-对象的方法：" class="headerlink" title="location 对象的方法："></a>location 对象的方法：</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">location对象方法</th>
<th align="center">返回值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">localior.assign()</td>
<td align="center">跟href—样，可以跳转页面（也称为重定向页面)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">location.replace()</td>
<td align="center">替换当前页面，因为不记录历史，所以不能后退页面</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">location.reload()</td>
<td align="center">重新加载页面，相当于刷新按钮或者f5如果参数为true强制刷新 ctrl+f5</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="navigator-对象："><a href="#navigator-对象：" class="headerlink" title="navigator 对象："></a><code>navigator</code> 对象：</h2><ul>
<li><p><code>navigator</code> 对象包含<strong>有关浏览器的信息</strong>，它有很多属性，我们最常用的是 <code>userAgent</code>，该属性<strong>可以返回由客户机发送服务器的 <code>user-agent</code> 头部的值</strong>。</p>
</li>
<li><p>下面前端代码可以判断用户<strong>那个终端</strong>打开页面，实现跳转：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>((navigator.userAgent.match(<span class="regexp">/(phone|pad|pod|iPhone|iPod|ios|iPad|Android|Mobile|BlackBerry|IEMobile|MQQBrowser|JUC|Fennec|wOSBrowser|BrowserNG|WebOS|Symbian|Windows Phone)/i</span>))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">window</span>.location.href = <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;     <span class="comment">//手机</span></span><br><span class="line"> &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">window</span>.location.href = <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;     <span class="comment">//电脑</span></span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="history-对象"><a href="#history-对象" class="headerlink" title="history 对象:"></a><code>history</code> 对象:</h2><ul>
<li><code>window</code> 对象给我们提供了一个 <code>history</code> 对象，与浏览器历史记录进行交互。<strong>该对象包含用户（在浏览器窗口中）访问过的 URL。</strong></li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">history对象方法</th>
<th align="center">作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">back()</td>
<td align="center">可以后退功能</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">forward()</td>
<td align="center">前进功能</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">go(参数)</td>
<td align="center">前进后退功能参数如果是1前进1个页面  如果是1后退1个页面</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li><code>history</code> 对象一般在实际开发中比较少用，但是会在一些 <strong>OA 办公系统中见到</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src= "/img/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://gitee.com/he_chaoming/blog_tuchuang/raw/master/20200920/pN07zFimrKoQ.png" alt="OA 办公系统"></p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">六根清静</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://liugenqingjing2.coding.me/2020/09/20/JavaScript%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%82%B9%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93-%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89-JavaScript%E4%B9%8BBOM%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B/">https://liugenqingjing2.coding.me/2020/09/20/JavaScript知识点总结-十三-JavaScript之BOM浏览器对象模型/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://liugenqingjing2.coding.me" target="_blank">小何blog (记录美好)</a>！</span></div></div><div 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onclick="shuovisualchange()">编辑</a></div><div id="artitalk_main" style="width:100%;height:100%;padding:10px"></div></div></div><div class="sticky_layout"></div><div class="card-widget card-history"><div class="card-content"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-paw fa-spin"></i><span>那年今日</span></div><div id="history-news" style="height: 100px;overflow: hidden;"><div id="history-card"></div></div></div></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="card-content"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn card-announcement-animation"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">大学生一枚，软件工程，想做全栈攻城狮，哈哈，有兴趣可以加 QQ:484695754 (也可以点上面的logo)，一起交流学习</div></div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="card-content"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOM-%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOM 浏览器对象模型：</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOM-%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOM 概述:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF-BOM"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">什么是 BOM:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#DOM%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">DOM：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOM"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOM:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOM-%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%84%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOM 的构成:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意:</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#window-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">window 对象的常见事件:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">窗口加载事件:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">调整窗口大小事件:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A-1"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">定时器:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%A4%E7%A7%8D%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">两种定时器:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#setTimeout-%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">setTimeout() 定时器:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A-2"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">简单理解：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2-setTimeout-%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">停止 setTimeout() 定时器:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A-3"><span class="toc-number">1.3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#setInterval-%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">setInterval() 定时器:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A-4"><span class="toc-number">1.3.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2-setInterval-%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">停止 setInterval() 定时器:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A-5"><span class="toc-number">1.3.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#this"><span class="toc-number">1.3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">this:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#JS-%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">JS 执行机制:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#JS-%E6%98%AF%E5%8D%95%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">JS 是单线程:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">一个问题:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">代码执行的结果：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5"><span class="toc-number">1.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">同步和异步:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5"><span class="toc-number">1.4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">同步:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5"><span class="toc-number">1.4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">异步:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%EF%BC%9A-%E8%BF%99%E6%9D%A1%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%84%E4%B8%AA%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E3%80%82"><span class="toc-number">1.4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">他们的本质区别： 这条流水线上各个流程的执行顺序不同。</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">同步任务:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.4.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">异步任务:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#JS-%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">JS 执行机制：</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">案例:</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#location-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">location 对象：</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF-location-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">什么是 location 对象：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#URL%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">URL：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#location-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">1.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">location 对象的属性:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E8%AE%B0%E4%BD%8F%EF%BC%9A-href-%E5%92%8C-search"><span class="toc-number">1.5.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">重点记住： href 和 search</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#location-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">location 对象的方法：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#navigator-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">navigator 对象：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#history-%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">history 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  chatBtnFn()
} else {
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        launcher: { 
        disableLauncherIcon: false // 悬浮 ICON 是否显示
        },
      });
    }
  }
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